/** 
 * @file llrand.h
 * @brief Information, functions, and typedefs for randomness.
 *
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#ifndef LL_LLRAND_H
#define LL_LLRAND_H

#include <boost/random/lagged_fibonacci.hpp>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>

/**
 * Use the boost random number generators if you want a stateful
 * random numbers. If you want more random numbers, use the
 * c-functions since they will generate faster/better randomness
 * across the process.
 *
 * I tested some of the boost random engines, and picked a good double
 * generator and a good integer generator. I also took some timings
 * for them on linux using gcc 3.3.5. The harness also did some other
 * fairly trivial operations to try to limit compiler optimizations,
 * so these numbers are only good for relative comparisons.
 *
 * usec/inter		algorithm
 * 0.21				boost::minstd_rand0
 * 0.039			boost:lagged_fibonacci19937
 * 0.036			boost:lagged_fibonacci607
 * 0.44				boost::hellekalek1995
 * 0.44				boost::ecuyer1988
 * 0.042			boost::rand48
 * 0.043			boost::mt11213b
 * 0.028			stdlib random() 
 * 0.05				stdlib lrand48()
 * 0.034			stdlib rand()
 * 0.020			the old & lame LLRand
 */

/**
 *@brief Generate a float from [0, RAND_MAX).
 */
S32 ll_rand();

/**
 *@brief Generate a float from [0, val) or (val, 0].
 */
S32 ll_rand(S32 val);

/**
 *@brief Generate a float from [0, 1.0).
 */
F32 ll_frand();

/**
 *@brief Generate a float from [0, val) or (val, 0].
 */
F32 ll_frand(F32 val);

/**
 *@brief Generate a double from [0, 1.0).
 */
F64 ll_drand();

/**
 *@brief Generate a double from [0, val) or (val, 0].
 */
F64 ll_drand(F64 val);

/**
 * @brief typedefs for good boost lagged fibonacci.
 * @see boost::lagged_fibonacci
 *
 * These generators will quickly generate doubles. Note the memory
 * requirements, because they are somewhat high. I chose the smallest
 * one, and one comparable in speed but higher periodicity without
 * outrageous memory requirements.
 * To use:
 *  LLRandLagFib607 foo((U32)time(NULL));
 *  double bar = foo();
 */

typedef boost::lagged_fibonacci607 LLRandLagFib607;
/**< 
 * lengh of cycle: 2^32,000
 * memory: 607*sizeof(double) (about 5K)
 */

typedef boost::lagged_fibonacci2281 LLRandLagFib2281;
/**< 
 * lengh of cycle: 2^120,000
 * memory: 2281*sizeof(double) (about 17K)
 */

/**
 * @breif typedefs for a good boost mersenne twister implementation.
 * @see boost::mersenne_twister
 *
 * This fairly quickly generates U32 values
 * To use:
 *  LLRandMT19937 foo((U32)time(NULL));
 *  U32 bar = foo();
 *
 * lengh of cycle: 2^19,937-1
 * memory: about 2496 bytes
 */
typedef boost::mt11213b LLRandMT19937;
#endif
